The global medicine supply chain is a complex network involving manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors from numerous countries, making it vulnerable to disruptions. Shortages of medicines are a global issue, impacting all countries, but disproportionately affecting low and middle-income nations. The World Health Organization (WHO) works to ensure access to safe, effective, and quality medicines, including the maintenance of an essential medicines list. 

• Complexity and Vulnerability:

  The global nature of the supply chain increases its susceptibility to disruptions from various factors, such as manufacturing issues, quality concerns, and geopolitical events. 

   
• Shortage Prevalence:

  Medicine shortages are a widespread problem, with specific examples including older, off-patent medicines and those for central nervous system, cardiovascular, and anti-infective conditions. 

   
• Global Impact:

  While shortages affect all countries, low and middle-income nations often face more significant challenges in accessing essential medicines. 

   
• WHO’s Role:

  The WHO actively works to improve access to quality medicines by developing standards, regulating products, and maintaining a list of essential medicines. 

   
• Factors Contributing to Shortages:

  Manufacturing and quality issues, as well as commercial pressures in generic markets, are among the most common reasons for medicine shortages. 

   
• Addressing Shortages:

  Strategies to address shortages include diversifying supply chains, improving quality control, and addressing commercial issues. 

   
• Global Market Growth:

  The global medical supplies market is experiencing growth, driven by increasing demand for infection control measures, medical devices, and other factors. 

   
• Leading Companies and Countries:

  The United States is a major player in the pharmaceutical industry, while China and other emerging markets are also experiencing growth. 

   
• International Trade:

  Global trade in medical devices has also increased significantly, with one-third being intermediate goods, one-third finished products, and approximately one-third capital goods.